Setup Simple Advanced Shell Configuration Colors Usage



Task Home Page

Here you will find information on how to acquire, build, configure and use the task program.


Get the Source Code

Download the latest version of the task source code (6/19/2008).

New in version 1.3.1

Source: task-1.3.1.tar.gz

  • Fixed bug where "showage" configuration variable was not being oberved by the "task long" report
  • New configuration variable "defaultwidth" determines the width of windows in the absense of ncurses support

New in version 1.3.0

Source: task-1.3.0.tar.gz

  • "task calendar" now displays multiple months per line, adjustable by the "monthsperline" configuration variable. Feature added by Damian Glenny
  • Displays shorter message when a command is entered incorrectly, and the full usage for "task help"
  • "task export" can now filter tasks like the reports
  • "task oldest" shows the oldest tasks
  • "task newest" shows the newest tasks
  • Fixed bug where task generates a segmentation fault for several commands, when no "dateformat" configuration variable was present
  • Fixed bug whereby if you have more than one task with a due date, 7 days gets added to the entry date of task 2..n
  • Fixed bug whereby "1 wks" was being improperly pluralized

New in version 1.2.0

Source: task-1.2.0.tar.gz
Debian package: task_1.2.0-1_i386.deb (Thanks to Richard Querin)

  • Subprojects supported - please see documentation below, or TUTORIAL file
  • "dateformat" configuration variable now properly used to parse as well as render dates
  • "task list x" now performs a caseless comparison between "x" and the task description
  • "showage" configuration variable determines whether the "Age" column should appear on the "task list" and "task next" reports
  • Improvements to the TUTORIAL file and this page

New in version 1.1.0

Source: task-1.1.0.tar.gz
Debian package: task_1.1.0-1_i386.deb (Thanks to Richard Querin)

  • "blanklines" configuration variable to stop displaying unnecessary white space and thus work better on small-screen devices
  • "dateformat" configuration now determines how dates are formatted
  • Better formatting of "task tags" output
  • This home page set up, with TUTORIAL
  • Added tags to the "task long" report

Task has been built and tested in the following environments:

  • OS X 10.4 Tiger
  • OS X 10.5 Leopard
  • Fedora Core 8
  • Fedora Core 9
  • Ubuntu 8 Hardy Heron
  • Solaris 10
  • Cygwin 1.5.25-14

If you have difficulties building task, have found a bug, have a suggestion for improvement, or a feature request, please send mail to task@beckingham.net.


Task Program Tutorial

This guide shows how to quickly set up the task program, and become proficient with it.

Alternatively, watch the task movie which illustrates many of task's features.


Quick Setup

Build the task program according to the directions in the INSTALL file. This transcript illustrates a typical installation:

% ls
task-1.3.0.tar.gz
% gunzip task-1.3.0.tar.gz
% tar xf task-1.3.0.tar
% cd task-1.3.0
% ./configure
...
% make
...
% make install     # (may require sudo, depending on --prefix)

(For those of you using Cygwin, you need to make sure you have the "g++" and "make" packages available, which are found in the "devel" category.)

You need to make sure that the installed task program is in your PATH environment variable.

Task reads a configuration file - called .taskrc in your home directory - and stores pending and completed tasks in in a directory specified in the configuration file.

The simplest way to get a configuration file and task directory is to run task. On startup, task will check to see if it can find the configuration file and task directory, and if not found, will ask you whether it may create both.

% task version

A configuration file could not be found in /Users/paul/.taskrc

Would you like a sample .taskrc created, so task can proceed? (y/n) y
Done.

[then task will show version information]

Simple Usage

Let us begin by adding some tasks:

% task add Book plane ticket
% task add Rent a tux
% task add Reserve a rental car
% task add Reserve a hotel room

That's it. You'll notice immediately that task has a very minimalist interface. Let us take a look at those tasks:

% task ls

ID Project Pri Description
 1             Book plane ticket
 2             Rent a tux
 3             Reserve a rental car
 4             Send John a birthday card

The 'ls' command provides the most minimal list of tasks. Each task has been given an id number, and you can see that there are no projects or priorities assigned. Wait a minute - I own a tux, I don't need to rent one. Let us delete task 2:

% task 2 delete
Permanently delete task? (y/n) y

Task wants you to confirm deletions. To remove the confirmation, edit your .taskrc file and change the line:

confirmation=yes

to have a value of "no".

While the use of projects and priorities are not essential to benefitting from task, they can be very useful when the list of tasks grows large. Let's assign a project to these tasks:

% task 1 project:Wedding
% task 3 project:Wedding
% task 4 project:Family
% task ls

  ID Project Pri Description
   3 Family      Send John a birthday card
   2 Wedding     Reserve a rental car
   1 Wedding     Book plane ticket

Notice that the id numbers have changed. When tasks get deleted, or have their attributes changed (project, for example), the ids are prone to change. But the id numbers will remain valid until the next 'ls' command is run. You should only use the ids from the most recent 'ls' command. The ids change, because task is always trying to use small numbers so that it is easy for you to enter them correctly. Now that projects are assigned, we can look at just the Wedding project tasks:

Subprojects are supported. If you have a project "Wedding", you can specify that a task is a subproject "Transport" of "Wedding" by assigning the project "Wedding.Transport". Let's do this:

% task 2 project:Wedding.Transport
% task ls

ID Project           Pri Description
 3 Family                Send John a birthday card
 2 Wedding.Transport     Reserve a rental car
 1 Wedding               Book plane ticket

Task matches the leftmost part of the project when searching, so projects may be abbreviated:

% task ls project:Wedding.Tra

ID Project           Pri Description
 2 Wedding.Transport     Reserve a rental car

This way of matching projects can be used to see all tasks under the "Wedding" project and all subprojects:

% task ls project:Wedding

ID Project           Pri Description
 2 Wedding.Transport     Reserve a rental car
 1 Wedding               Book plane ticket

Let's reassign 2 back to the "Wedding" project:

% task 2 project:Wedding

Now that projects are assigned, we can look at just the Wedding project tasks:

% task ls project:Wedding

ID Project Pri Description
 1 Wedding     Book plane ticket
 2 Wedding     Reserve a rental car

Any command arguments after the 'ls' are used for filtering the output. We could also have requested:

% task ls ticket plane

ID Project Pri Description
 1 Wedding     Book plane ticket

Now let's prioritize. Priorities can be H, M or L (High, Medium, Low).

% task ls

ID Project Pri Description
 3 Family      Send John a birthday card
 2 Wedding     Reserve a rental car
 1 Wedding     Book plane ticket

% task 1 priority:H
% task 2 prior:M
% task 3 pr:H
Ambiguous attribute 'pr' - could be either of project, priority
% task 3 pri:H
% task ls

ID Project Pri Description
 3 Family  H   Send John a birthday card
 1 Wedding H   Book plane ticket
 2 Wedding M   Reserve a rental car

Notice that task supports the abbreviation of words such as priority, project. Priority can be abbreviated to pri, but not pr, because it is ambiguous. Now that tasks have been prioritized, you can see that the tasks are being sorted by priority, with the highest priority tasks at the top.

These attributes can all be provided when the task is added, instead of applying them afterwards, as shown. The following command shows how to set all the attributes at once:

% task add project:Wedding priority:H Book plane ticket

The 'ls' command provides the least information for each task. The 'list' command provides more:

% task list

ID Project Pri Due Active Age    Description
 3 Family  H              4 mins Send John a birthday card
 1 Wedding H              5 mins Book plane ticket
 2 Wedding M              5 mins Reserve a rental car

Notice that a task can have a due date, and can be active. The task lists are sorted by due date, then priority. Let's add due dates:

% task 3 due:6/25/2008
% task 1 due:7/31/2008
% task list

ID Project Pri Due       Active Age    Description
 3 Family  H   6/25/2008        6 mins Send John a birthday card
 1 Wedding H   7/31/2008        7 mins Book plane ticket
 2 Wedding M                    7 mins Reserve a rental car

If today's date is 6/23/2008, then task 3 is due in 2 days. It will be colored yellow if your terminal supports color. To change this color, edit your .taskrc file, and change the line to one of these alternatives:

color.due=red
color.due=on_blue
color.due=red on_blue
color.due=bold_red on_blue

Where color is one of the following:

black
blue
red
green
cyan
magenta
yellow
white

All colors are specified in this way. Take a look in .taskrc for all the other color rules that you control.

Tagging tasks is a good way to group them, aside from specifying a project. To add a tag to a task:

% task <id> +tag

The plus sign indicates that this is a tag. Any number of tags may be applied to a task, and then used for searching. Tags are just single words that are labels.

% task list

ID Project Pri Due       Active Age    Description
 3 Family  H   6/25/2008        8 mins Send John a birthday card
 1 Wedding H   7/31/2008        9 mins Book plane ticket
 2 Wedding M                    9 mins Reserve a rental car

% task 1 +phone
% task 2 +phone
% task 3 +shopping
% task 3 +john

% task list +phone

ID Project Pri Due       Active Age    Description
 1 Wedding H   7/31/2008        9 mins Book plane ticket
 2 Wedding M                    9 mins Reserve a rental car

To remove a tag from a task, use the minus sign:

% task 3 -john

Advanced Usage

Here are the other commands, in some detail.

% task

With no arguments, this command will generate a help message that lists all these commands.

% task projects

This report generates a list of all the different projects that you are using along with a count of the pending tasks for each project. For example:

% task projects

Project   Tasks
Errands       1
Birthdays     3
Car           2
% task summary

This report lists all the projects and a summary of their task status.

% task summary

Project  Remaining Avg age Complete 0%                        100%
Errands          1  3 days      50% XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Birthdays        3  7 mths       0%
Car              2   2 wks      25% XXXXXXXXX

This shows the project, the remaining tasks, the average age of each task, the percentage completed (remaining vs total) and a bar indicating that percentage.

% task delete <id>

There are two ways of getting rid of tasks - mark them as done, or delete them.

% task done <id>

This is how a task is marked as done.

% task list ...

The list report will show the active status, and age of the task in addition to the columns that "task ls" shows. It is just a more detailed list.

% task long ...

The long report will show the entry date and start date of a task, in addition to the columns that the "task list" shows.

% task start <id>

This marks a task as started (and therefore active), which is shown in the "list" report:

% task list

ID Project Pri Due Active Age     Description
12 Errand  L                      Remember to deposit check
...

% task start 12
% task list

ID Project Pri Due Active Age     Description
12 Errand  L       *      3 days  Remember to deposit check
...
% task active

Shows all active tasks, that is, the tasks for which the "task start ..." command was run, as shown above.

% task overdue

Simply lists all the task that have a due date that is past, in "list" format.

% task history

This report shows you an overview of how many tasks were added, completed and deleted, by month. It looks like this:

% task history

Year Month     Added Completed Deleted Net
2008 March        21        16       0   5
     April        13        11       1   1
     May           8        14       3  -9

This shows that for the three months that task has been used, March and April saw the total number of tasks increase, but in May the number decreased as more task were completed than added.

% task calendar

This report shows a calendar of the current month, with any task due or overdue dates marked on it. Color is used to mark these dates.

% task calendar

May 2008

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
             1  2  3
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
% task next

This report shows you the tasks you should probable work on next. Task will scan all the tasks and will pick two task from each project to report. Those two tasks will be chosen in order of overdue, due soon, High, Medium or Low priority. Essentially task chooses the two most important task for each project and displays them ordered in the usual way.

If you wish to show a different number of tasks per project, modify the entry in .taskrc:

next=2

To be your preferred number.

% task <id> ...

When a task id is specified, everything applies to just that task. Suppose we needed to correct a task:

% task ls

ID Project Pri Description
12 Errand  L   Remember to deposit chekc
...

% task 12 Remember to deposit bonus check
% task ls

ID Project Pri Description
12 Errand  L   Remember to deposit bonus check
...
% task oldest

Lists the oldest tasks. Shows 10 tasks by default, but can be set via the "oldest" configuration variable.

% task newest

Lists the newest tasks. Shows 10 tasks by default, but can be set via the "newest" configuration variable.

% task /from/to/

If a task has been entered with a typo, it can be easily corrected by this command. For example:

% task ls

ID Project Pri Description
12 Errand  L   Remember to deposit chekc
...

% task 12 /chekc/check/
% task ls

ID Project Pri Description
12 Errand  L   Remember to deposit check
...

This command makes single corrections to a task description.

% task tags

This command will generate a list of all the tags that are currently in use by task.

% task info <id>

This command gives detailed information about a single task. It will tell you when the task was entered, when started, its status, tags, and more.

% task stats

This command generates a list of statistics about your task usage, such as the average time it takes to complete a task, how often new tasks are added, and more.

% task completed

This generates a list of all tasks that have been completed, sorted by their completion date.

% task export <file name>

This instructs task to write out a CSV format dump of all tasks, both pending and completed, to the file specified. This is how you might view tasks in a spreadsheet.

% task colors

This command displays all the colors that task supports.

% task usage

If logging has been enabled by the "command.logging=on" directive in the .taskrc file, then task will record every command that is run. When this command is run, task will display a count of how many times each command was used.

This command is for the purpose of seeing whether command are actually used.

% task version

This can be used to show the version number of task, and to display all the current configuration settings, as read from the .taskrc file.


Interacting with the Shell

Certain characters are interpreted by the shell. For example, the "&". If you wish to include the & in a task description, you need to escape it, so the shell doesn't interpret it. For example:

% task add Buy bread & milk

This command is an error because of the &. The shell will consider this to be two commands:

% task add Buy bread &
% milk

The shell treats the & character as an indicator that the command is complete and should be run in the background. Then the shell considers "milk" to be a command all by itself. Which it is not. One way to get around this is to individually escape the & character:

% task add Buy bread \& milk

Another is to quote the entire description, with either ' or " characters:

% task add "Buy bread & milk"

Task itself interprets the commands, and it too can make mistakes. For example, any colon : character will be interpreted by task as a delimiter between an attribute name and its value. Currently there is no workaround for this.

% task <id> fg:... bg:...

Not strictly a command, the setting of the fg and bg (foreground and background) attributes determines the colors used to represent the task. Valid foreground colors are:

         bold          underline          bold_underline
black    bold_black    underline_black    bold_underline_black
red      bold_red      underline_red      bold_underline_red
green    bold_green    underline_green    bold_underline_green
yellow   bold_yellow   underline_yellow   bold_underline_yellow
blue     bold_blue     underline_blue     bold_underline_blue
magenta  bold_magenta  underline_magenta  bold_underline_magenta
cyan     bold_cyan     underline_cyan     bold_underline_cyan
white    bold_white    underline_white    bold_underline_white

Note that these are not just colors, but combinations of colors and attributes. Valid background colors are:

on_black    on_bright_black
on_red      on_bright_red
on_green    on_bright_green
on_yellow   on_bright_yellow
on_blue     on_bright_blue
on_magenta  on_bright_magenta
on_cyan     on_bright_cyan
on_white    on_bright_white

Note also that this capability does depend on whether your terminal program can display these colors.


Configuring Task

Task recognizes several entries in the .taskrc file for configuration purposes. Valid entries are of the form:

name=value

Valid examples are:

data.location
This is a path to the directory containing all the task files. By default, it is set up to be ~/.task, for example: /Users/paul/.task
command.logging
May be "on" or "off", defaulting to "off". This determines whether task records commands. This is not generally useful, except while developing task.
confirmation
May be "yes" or "no", and determines whether task will ask for confirmation before deleting a task.
nag
This may be a string of text, or blank. It is used as a prompt when a task is completed that is not considered high priority. The "task next" command lists important tasks, and completing one of those does not generate this nagging. Default value is: Note: try to stick to high priority tasks. See "task next".
next
Is a number, defaulting to 2, which is the number of tasks for each project that are shown in the "task next" command.
curses
Determines whether task uses ncurses to establish the size of the window you are using, for text wrapping.
blanklines
May be "on" or "off". Prevents the display of unnecessary blank lines so that task makes better use screen real estate on small- screened devices.
dateformat

This is a string of characters that define how task formats dates. The default value is:

m/d/Y

which means dates look like:

6/7/2008

The string should contain the characters:

Character Meaning Example
m minimal-digit month 1, 12
d minimal-digit day 1, 30
y two-digit year 08
M two-digit month 01, 12
D two-digit day 01, 30
Y four-digit year 2008

The string may also contain other characters to act as spacers, or formatting. Other values could include (but are not limited to):

dateformat How it looks
d/m/Y 7/6/2008
YMD 20080607
m-d-y 6-7-08

showage
May be "yes" or "no". Determines whether the "Age" column appears on the "list" and "next" reports.
monthsperline
Determines how many months the "task calendar" command renders across the screen. Defaults to 1.
oldest
Determines how many tasks the "task oldest" command displays. Defaults to 10.
newest
Determines how many tasks the "task newest" command displays. Defaults to 10.
defaultwidth
The width of tables used when ncurses support is not available. Defaults to 80.
color
May be "on" or "off". Determines whether task uses color.
color.overdue
color.due
color.pri.H
color.pri.M
color.pri.L
color.pri.none
color.active
color.tagged
These are the coloration rules. They correspond to a particular attribute of a task, such as it being due, or being active, and specifies the automatic coloring of that task. The value may be one optional foreground color (see below) and one optional background color. For example, the value may be:
bold_red on_bright_yellow
color.tag.X
Colors any task that has the tag X.
color.project.X
Colors any task assigned to project X.
color.keyword.X
Colors any task where the description contains X.

Colors

Task supports color in several places. In cases where you may specify a color, a foreground, a background, or a combination foreground and background color may be used. The following are valid foreground colors:

         bold          underline          bold_underline
black    bold_black    underline_black    bold_underline_black
red      bold_red      underline_red      bold_underline_red
green    bold_green    underline_green    bold_underline_green
yellow   bold_yellow   underline_yellow   bold_underline_yellow
blue     bold_blue     underline_blue     bold_underline_blue
magenta  bold_magenta  underline_magenta  bold_underline_magenta
cyan     bold_cyan     underline_cyan     bold_underline_cyan
white    bold_white    underline_white    bold_underline_white

and the following are valid background colors:

on_black    on_bright_black
on_red      on_bright_red
on_green    on_bright_green
on_yellow   on_bright_yellow
on_blue     on_bright_blue
on_magenta  on_bright_magenta
on_cyan     on_bright_cyan
on_white    on_bright_white

Command Usage

task add [tags] [attrs] desc...
       task list [tags] [attrs] desc...
       task long [tags] [attrs] desc...
       task ls [tags] [attrs] desc...
       task completed [tags] [attrs] desc...
       task ID [tags] [attrs] [desc...]
       task ID /from/to/
       task delete ID
       task info ID
       task start ID
       task done ID
       task projects
       task tags
       task summary
       task history
       task next
       task calendar
       task active
       task overdue
       task oldest
       task newest
       task stats
       task usage
       task export
       task color
       task version

ID is the numeric identifier displayed by the 'task list' command

Tags are arbitrary words, any quantity:
  +tag               The + means add the tag
  -tag               The - means remove the tag

Attributes are:
  project:           Project name
  priority:          Priority
  due:               Due date
  fg:                Foreground color
  bg:                Background color

Any command or attribute name may be abbreviated if still unique:
  task list project:Home
  task li       pro:Home

Some task descriptions need to be escaped because of the shell:
  task add "quoted ' quote"
  task add escaped \' quote

Many characters have special meaning to the shell, including:
  $ ! ' " ( ) ; \ ` * ? { } [ ] < > | & % # ~


Copyright 2006-2008, P. Beckingham. All rights reserved.